A comparison
Jeans and Cotton fabric
Two figures compared the only honest way: calculated together, so that what they have in common moves them together, and read as how many times larger one is than the other, with a range.
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Side by side, per kilogram
Scenario Arms and resources, using FIGARO 2023. Each figure is the middle result of 2,000 runs of the calculation, with the range that holds nine in ten of them beside it, and the grade that range earns.
Jeans
9.3 × 10⁻⁹ per kilogram(0.36–2.4 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-ARMS · run 2179 · methodology v0.1 · data dv-20261007-44r
One item is one pair of stretch denim jeans of about 725 g, as Nudie Jeans made one style in 2017.
Cotton fabric
8.2 × 10⁻⁹ per kilogram(0.33–2.1 × 10⁻⁸)LOWS-ARMS · run 2179 · methodology v0.1 · data dv-20261007-44r
One item is one kilogram of cotton fabric.
Which is larger
The model cannot tell whether Jeans carries more harm than Cotton fabric per kilogram: the range includes both possibilities.
Jeans against Cotton fabric, per kilogram: ×1.1 as much, and very probably (nine times in ten) between ×0.85–×1.4.
In 9.0% of the runs calculated together, Jeans comes out above Cotton fabric.
Calculated together: the same records of harm, the same split of each industry and the same world production in every run, and each product’s own list of materials. Seeing whether two separate ranges overlap would prove nothing either way.
The reason they differ
Deaths per kilogram of each product, by what carries them, with the largest difference first.
By raw material
| Material | Jeans | Cotton fabric | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cotton | 9.3 × 10⁻⁹ | 8.2 × 10⁻⁹ | +1.1 × 10⁻⁹ |
By country where the harm was counted
| Country | Jeans | Cotton fabric | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Burkina Faso | 6.4 × 10⁻⁹ | 5.7 × 10⁻⁹ | +7.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
| Mali | 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ | 8.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | +1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ |
| Sudan | 7.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 6.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ | +8.8 × 10⁻¹¹ |
| Mexico | 4.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 3.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | +4.8 × 10⁻¹¹ |
| United States | 2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 2.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ | +3.1 × 10⁻¹¹ |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ | 9.5 × 10⁻¹¹ | +1.2 × 10⁻¹¹ |
| Australia | 7.8 × 10⁻¹¹ | 6.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | +9.0 × 10⁻¹² |
| Turkiye | 4.9 × 10⁻¹¹ | 4.4 × 10⁻¹¹ | +5.6 × 10⁻¹² |
Middle estimates. The range above belongs to the totals; these rows show where the middle difference comes from.
By the money method
- Jeans — 5.2 × 10⁻⁷ per €1,000 spent in its industry(3.3–8.0 × 10⁻⁷)MEDIUMS-ARMS · run 2179 · methodology v0.1 · data dv-20261007-44r
- Cotton fabric — 5.2 × 10⁻⁷ per €1,000 spent in its industry(3.4–7.9 × 10⁻⁷)MEDIUMS-ARMS · run 2179 · methodology v0.1 · data dv-20261007-44r
Shown, not ranked. Measured per euro, most industries are too close to tell apart, and two products from the same industry always get the same figure per euro.
What this figure is not
Production phase only. Harm from using the product — driving the car, charging the phone — is not in this figure.
HumanToll 2026, run 2179, methodology v0.1. https://quiescence.eu/humantoll/compare/jeans/cotton-fabric/