The full breakdown

How the figure for Butter is built

Every stage the model passes through, with its number. Each table below divides the same headline figure a different way, and each one adds up to it exactly — the page checks, and refuses to show a table that does not.

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The headline

One item is one kilogram of butter from cow's milk. Scenario Economic-embedded, using FIGARO 2023. Each figure is the middle result of 2,000 runs of the calculation, with the range that holds nine in ten of them beside it, and the grade that range earns.

Materials method — 2.0 × 10⁻⁵ per item(0.87–4.3 × 10⁻⁵)LOWS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

Money method — 9.2 × 10⁻⁵ per €1,000 spent in its industry(0.63–1.3 × 10⁻⁴)MEDIUMS-MAX · run 2259 · methodology v1.0 · data dv-20261007-44r

Each step below is a middle estimate. The model works out a range for the whole figure, not for each step, so the range that applies to a step is the headline’s.

1 · What it is made of, and what each material carries

How much of each raw material is in one item, the deaths linked to each kilogram of it in this calculation, and the two multiplied together: its part of the headline figure.

1 · What it is made of, and what each material carries
Material	Per item	Deaths per kg	Part of the figure	Share
Milk	0.022 t	9.1 × 10⁻⁷	2.0 × 10⁻⁵	100%
Total			2.0 × 10⁻⁵	= the headline figure, 2.0 × 10⁻⁵

2 · Where the harm was counted

The same headline, by the country where the harm the materials carry was counted.

2 · Where the harm was counted
Country	Part of the figure	Share
Germany	3.9 × 10⁻⁶	20%
France	3.3 × 10⁻⁶	16%
Turkiye	2.4 × 10⁻⁶	12%
Italy	1.6 × 10⁻⁶	7.9%
Spain	1.6 × 10⁻⁶	7.8%
Switzerland	7.7 × 10⁻⁷	3.9%
United States	7.5 × 10⁻⁷	3.8%
Colombia	6.9 × 10⁻⁷	3.5%
Portugal	6.0 × 10⁻⁷	3.0%
Argentina	4.8 × 10⁻⁷	2.4%
Netherlands	4.4 × 10⁻⁷	2.2%
Japan	4.2 × 10⁻⁷	2.1%
Denmark	2.9 × 10⁻⁷	1.5%
Belgium	2.7 × 10⁻⁷	1.4%
Ukraine	2.6 × 10⁻⁷	1.3%
Austria	2.5 × 10⁻⁷	1.3%
Israel	2.2 × 10⁻⁷	1.1%
Ireland	1.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.95%
Poland	1.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.95%
Canada	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.68%
Sudan	1.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.64%
Somalia, Fed. Rep.	1.2 × 10⁻⁷	0.63%
Czechia	1.2 × 10⁻⁷	0.61%
Sweden	9.1 × 10⁻⁸	0.46%
Finland	9.0 × 10⁻⁸	0.45%
Luxembourg	8.6 × 10⁻⁸	0.43%
Hungary	6.0 × 10⁻⁸	0.30%
Slovenia	5.4 × 10⁻⁸	0.27%
Australia	5.1 × 10⁻⁸	0.26%
Mexico	3.7 × 10⁻⁸	0.19%
Slovak Republic	3.0 × 10⁻⁸	0.15%
Estonia	2.9 × 10⁻⁸	0.15%
Pakistan	2.6 × 10⁻⁸	0.13%
Thailand	2.3 × 10⁻⁸	0.11%
Syrian Arab Republic	2.1 × 10⁻⁸	0.11%
Ethiopia	2.1 × 10⁻⁸	0.10%
Lithuania	2.0 × 10⁻⁸	0.10%
Croatia	2.0 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Greece	1.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Iceland	1.6 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Malta	1.4 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Cyprus	1.3 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Romania	1.3 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Niger	1.3 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Burkina Faso	1.3 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Mali	1.2 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Belarus	9.3 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Yemen, Rep.	8.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Myanmar	8.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Afghanistan	6.8 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Latvia	6.5 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Brazil	6.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
India	5.7 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Kenya	5.5 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
South Sudan	4.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Norway	4.0 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Georgia	2.6 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Bulgaria	2.5 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Sri Lanka	2.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Haiti	2.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Uzbekistan	1.5 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Ecuador	1.5 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Moldova	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Azerbaijan	1.3 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Uganda	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Nigeria	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Lebanon	1.0 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Honduras	8.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Cameroon	8.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Central African Republic	6.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Burundi	5.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	5.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Russian Federation	4.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Armenia	3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Panama	3.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Costa Rica	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Chad	2.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Turkmenistan	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Mongolia	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Benin	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bangladesh	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Iraq	8.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Venezuela, RB	5.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Guatemala	5.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Congo, Dem. Rep.	4.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Tunisia	4.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Iran, Islamic Rep.	4.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Morocco	3.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Seychelles	3.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Mauritania	3.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Togo	2.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Mozambique	2.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Mauritius	1.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Egypt, Arab Rep.	1.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Indonesia	1.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Peru	1.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Philippines	9.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Saudi Arabia	7.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
South Africa	7.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Eswatini	7.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Ghana	1.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Bolivia	1.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Algeria	1.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
China	8.0 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Libya	4.4 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Papua New Guinea	4.5 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Total	2.0 × 10⁻⁵	= the headline figure, 2.0 × 10⁻⁵

3 · Through which kind of harm

The same headline, by kind of harm: war, work, poverty, pollution.

3 · Through which kind of harm
Kind of harm	Part of the figure	Share
Work	1.9 × 10⁻⁵	96%
Conflict and political violence	8.4 × 10⁻⁷	4.2%
Total	2.0 × 10⁻⁵	= the headline figure, 2.0 × 10⁻⁵

4 · Which wars

The war deaths in the headline, by war. Harm of any other kind is the row that names no war.

4 · Which wars
War	Part of the figure	Share
Not placed	1.9 × 10⁻⁵	96%
Russia - Ukraine	2.5 × 10⁻⁷	1.3%
Israel: Palestine	1.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.65%
Somalia: Government	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.57%
Sudan: Government	8.2 × 10⁻⁸	0.41%
RSF - Civilians	3.5 × 10⁻⁸	0.17%
Pakistan: Government	1.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Sinaloa Cartel	1.5 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Ethiopia: Government/Amhara	1.1 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
SSC-Khatumo Administration - Republic of Somaliland	8.6 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Syria: Government	8.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
IS - Civilians	8.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Burkina Faso: Government	7.6 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Yemen (North Yemen): Government	7.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Niger: Islamic State	6.5 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Santa Rosa de Lima Cartel	6.3 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Juarez Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel	5.7 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Syria: Islamic State	4.9 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Kenya: Northeastern Province and Coast	4.8 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Mali: Government	4.7 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Government	4.5 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Carteles Unidos - Jalisco Cartel New Generation	4.3 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Ethiopia: Oromiya	4.0 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Beni Halba Baggara - Salamat Baggara	3.8 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Hamas - Civilians	3.3 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
JNIM - Civilians	3.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Afghanistan: Islamic State	2.9 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Luac Jang Dinka - Pakam Dinka	2.8 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
SNA - SDF	2.7 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Habaniya - Salamat Baggara	2.6 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Caborca Cartel, Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos	2.5 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Pakistan: Balochistan	2.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Pakistan: Islamic State	1.9 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Arab - Gimir	1.9 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
IS - JNIM	1.9 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - PCC	1.8 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Iran - Israel	1.7 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
India: Kashmir	1.7 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Al-Shabaab - Civilians	1.7 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Government of Ethiopia - Civilians	1.6 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Government of Myanmar (Burma) - Civilians	1.6 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Burkina Faso: Islamic State	1.6 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Kuki - Meitei	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Afghanistan: Government	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
India: Government	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Government of Russia (Soviet Union) - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
OLA - Civilians	1.3 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
IS - SDF	1.3 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Niger: Government	1.3 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Azerbaijan: Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh)	1.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Turkey: Kurdistan	1.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Government of Mali - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Twic Dinka - Ngok Dinka	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Fano - Civilians	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Anuak - Nuer	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Cartel Independiente de Acapulco - Los Rusos, UPOEG	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Israel: Southern Lebanon	1.1 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Deir ez Zor Military Council - SDF	9.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Mali: Government/Azawad	9.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Mali: Islamic State	9.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
AQAP - Forces of the Presidential Leadership Council	9.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Nigeria: Government	9.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Burkina Faso - Civilians	8.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Kachin	7.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
DZ Mafia - Yoda	7.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Afghanistan - Civilians	7.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
M18 - MS-13	7.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of South Sudan - Civilians	7.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Sinaloa Cartel - Los Chapitos - Sinaloa Cartel - Los Mayos	6.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Shia (Pakistan) - Sunni (Pakistan)	6.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bonde do Maluco - Comando Vermelho	6.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Carteles Unidos, Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos	6.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
CPI-Maoist - Civilians	6.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Sa'ad subclan of Habar Gidir clan (Hawiye) - Leelkase subclan (Darod)	5.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Arab - Masalit	5.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Cartel do Norte - Comando Vermelho	5.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
EGC - Civilians	5.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Karen	5.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Dan na Ambassagou - JNIM	4.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Djerma (Zherma) - Fulani	4.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Los Choneros - Los Lobos	4.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Los Ardillos - Los Tlacos	4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
JAS - Civilians	4.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Somalia: Islamic State	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Syria: Government/Rojava Kurdistan	4.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - PCC	4.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Haiti - Civilians	4.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Nigeria: Islamic State	4.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Karenni	4.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Central African Republic: Government	3.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Hausa - Nuba	3.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
G9 - G-Pep	3.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Burundi: Government	3.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Terre Noire - Civilians	3.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
5 Segond, Taliban - Civilians	3.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Zetas Vieja Escuela	3.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Grand Ravine - Civilians	3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Uganda: Islamic State	3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Afghanistan - Pakistan	3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - GDE	3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Nova Okaida - Estados Unidos	3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
GDE, PCC - Sindicato do Crime	3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Amhara - Oromo	2.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Colombia: Government	2.9 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
FARC-EMC - Civilians	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Kashmir insurgents - Civilians	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
PCC - Sindicato do Crime	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
BRAS - Civilians	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Amigos Para Sempre - Família Terror Amapá	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Cameroon: Ambazonia	2.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Forces of Tony Peña - Los Hondureños	2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
G-Pep - Civilians	2.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Israel - Civilians	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Civilians	2.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Arakan	2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Fatales, Los Aguilas - Los Lobos , Los Tiguerones	2.0 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Israel - Syria	1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
FARC-EMC - ELN	1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Los Chone Killers - Latin Kings	1.7 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bonde dos 13, PCC - Comando Vermelho	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - Comando Vermelho	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Burundi - Civilians	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
TTP - Civilians	1.6 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
M18 - Civilians	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
AAKG - CPC	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
United Kingdom, United States of America - Yemen	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Cameroon: Government	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Hawazma - Nuba	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Russia (Soviet Union): Government	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Toposa - Turkana	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Dinka - Nuer	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Los Aguilas - Los Lobos	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Ambazonia insurgents - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Hausa - Funj	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Dozos (Mali) - JNIM	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Los Choneros - Los Lagartos	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Los Lobos - Los Tiguerones	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Los Lagartos - Mafia 18	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Kokang	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Guraghe - Mareqo	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Pakistan - Civilians	1.3 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Chad: Government	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Sudan - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Somalia - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
FARC - Segunda Marquetalia - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
ELN - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Holanda	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Hindus (India) - Muslims (India)	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Government of Yemen (North Yemen) - Civilians	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Los Aguilas - Los Lobos , Los Tiguerones	9.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of India - Civilians	9.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Syrian insurgents - Civilians	9.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Los Rusos, UPOEG - Los Tlacos	9.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Los Costenos - Los Pepes	9.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Gran Grif - Civilians	9.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
400 Mawozo - Civilians	9.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
IS - JAS	9.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Farmers (Chad) - Herders (Chad)	9.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
EGC - ELN, FARC-EMC	8.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Murle - Nuer	8.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Massa	8.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
EGC - ELN	8.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Civilians	8.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
ARSA - Civilians	8.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Nova Okaida - PCC	8.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Jalisco Cartel New Generation - Pájaros Sierra	7.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde do Maluco - Katiara	7.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde do Maluco - Civilians	7.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Dozos (Mali) - Civilians	7.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Benin: Government	7.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
SDF - Civilians	7.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Cameroon: Islamic State	7.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Mexico - Civilians	6.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - Civilians	6.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Al-Shabaab - IS	5.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comando Vermelho - Terceiro Comando Puro	5.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Los Ardillos - Los Rojos	5.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
India: Western South East Asia	5.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Gulf Cartel - Los Zetas - Cártel del Noreste faction	5.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Mwaghavul	5.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Mwaghavul , Ron	4.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Central African Republic: Logone	4.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Tiv	4.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Dan na Ambassagou - Civilians	4.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Venezuela - Civilians	4.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
PCC - Civilians	4.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
CPC - Civilians	4.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Tunisia: Government	4.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Farmers (Nigeria) - Herders (Nigeria)	4.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
NUG - Civilians	4.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Ajeita - Bonde do Maluco	3.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Morocco: Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)	3.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
EGC - Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada	3.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
South Sudan: Government	3.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
GATIA - IS	3.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Iran: Government	3.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Cameroon - Civilians	3.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
MS-13 - Civilians	3.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Mauritania: Government	3.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Colombia - Civilians	3.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Misseriya - Ngok Dinka	3.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Brazil - Civilians	2.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Nigeria: Biafra	2.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
VHP - Civilians	2.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Anti-Bala - Bala na Cara	2.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Amhara - Gumuz	2.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Thailand: Patani	2.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Bonde dos 40 - PCM	2.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Iraq: Government	2.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
LeJ - Civilians	2.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
PKK - Civilians	2.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Birom - Fulani	2.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comités locaux de vigilance - JAS	2.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Gulf Cartel - Sinaloa Cartel	1.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Gulf Cartel - Jalisco Cartel New Generation	1.9 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Supporters of Awami League - Supporters of BNP	1.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Atyap - Fulani	1.8 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
IS - MSA	1.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Karimjo - Wurukum	1.7 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Black Axe - Eyie	1.6 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Mozambique: Islamic State	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Forces of Terwase Akwanza - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
India - Pakistan	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
India: Nagaland	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
NSCN-IM - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
PLFI - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Egypt - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Government of Central African Republic - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Comandos de la Frontera - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Idoma	1.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Fulani - Kuteb	1.3 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Peru: Government	1.2 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Los Lobos - R7	1.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Togo: Government	1.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
IS - HTS	1.1 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada - Civilians	1.0 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Kokorat sans ras - Civilians	9.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Supporters of Awami League - Supporters of Jamaat-e-Islami	9.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Nigeria - Civilians	8.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Indonesia: West Papua	8.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
URDPC - Civilians	7.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Russia: Islamic State	7.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Chain Guys - Full Force	7.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of eSwatini (Swaziland) - Civilians	7.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Los Costenos - Civilians	6.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Philippines: Government	6.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Myanmar (Burma): Shan	5.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Lengola - Mbole	5.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
CATA - Codeta	4.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Hausa - Fulani	4.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
RED-TABARA - Civilians	4.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
OPM - Civilians	4.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Iran: Islamic State	3.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Rwanda - Civilians	3.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
DR Congo (Zaire): Government	3.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
DR Congo (Zaire): Islamic State	3.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Guerreros Unidos - Los Tlacos	3.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Russia (Soviet Union): Chechnya	3.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Farmers (CAR) - Herders (CAR)	3.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
AAKG - Civilians	3.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Fulani - Irigwe	3.0 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of South Africa - Civilians	2.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Philippines: Islamic State	2.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Iran - Civilians	2.9 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Egypt: Islamic State	2.8 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Fulani - Igala	2.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Amigos dos Amigos - Comando Vermelho	2.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
FDN - PCC	2.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
IS - Naparama	2.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Greenlanders - NDV	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Black Axe - Maphite	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
M23 - VDP	2.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Mobondo - Civilians	2.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
M23 - Civilians	1.7 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Kusasi - Mamprusi	1.6 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Rwanda: Government	1.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Supporters of APC - Supporters of PDP	1.5 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Algeria: Government	1.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of DR Congo (Zaire) - Civilians	1.4 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Choa Arab - Kotoko	1.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Choa Arab - Musgum	1.3 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Black Axe - SVC	1.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
IPOB - Civilians	1.2 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Mozambique - Civilians	1.1 × 10⁻¹²	<0.1%
Government of Indonesia - Civilians	9.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Agatu - Fulani	9.8 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
IS - Yan Gora	9.8 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Deebam - NDV	9.8 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Patani insurgents - Civilians	8.4 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
URDPC - Zaire self-defense group	7.0 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Zaire self-defense group - Civilians	6.2 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
VDP - Civilians	5.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
CPP - Civilians	5.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Jukun - Tiv	4.9 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - URDPC	4.6 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - Civilians	4.5 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
Libya: Government	4.4 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
AFC - Civilians	3.3 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
AFP-Gutabara - CNPSC, FABB	3.1 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
AFP-Gutabara - FABB	1.1 × 10⁻¹³	<0.1%
FRPI - Civilians	9.2 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Philippines: Mindanao	7.3 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Government of Philippines - Civilians	7.3 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Basonge - Bena Nkoma (Bakwa Luntu, Luba)	6.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
FDLR-FOCA - Civilians	5.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
FPIC Chambre noire sanduku - FRPI	5.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Ambulin, Lungupin, Nenei, Sau, Sau Walep, Yandamau, Yopo - Kaekin, Lanzerakin, Lyona, Mupapalu, Murap, Palinau, Sakaikin, Sikin, Wapukin	4.4 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Mayi Mayi Chini ya Tuna - Civilians	4.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Luba - Batwa	3.1 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
DR Congo (Zaire): Katanga	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Government of Uganda - Civilians	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Twiganeho - Civilians	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
AFC - VDP	1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Government of Papua New Guinea - Civilians	6.7 × 10⁻¹⁶	<0.1%
Total	2.0 × 10⁻⁵	= the headline figure, 2.0 × 10⁻⁵

5 · The money method: which industries

The figure per €1,000, by the industry where the harm happened, anywhere in the supply chain.

5 · The money method: which industries
Industry	Part of the figure	Share
Manufacture of food products; beverages and tobacco products	3.4 × 10⁻⁵	37%
Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities	2.4 × 10⁻⁵	26%
Wholesale trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles	5.5 × 10⁻⁶	5.9%
Land transport and transport via pipelines	3.5 × 10⁻⁶	3.8%
Mining and quarrying	3.1 × 10⁻⁶	3.4%
Warehousing and support activities for transportation	2.1 × 10⁻⁶	2.3%
Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motorcycles	2.0 × 10⁻⁶	2.2%
Security and investigation, service and landscape, office administrative and support activities	1.9 × 10⁻⁶	2.0%
Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products	1.2 × 10⁻⁶	1.3%
Construction	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	1.2%
Rental and leasing activities	1.0 × 10⁻⁶	1.1%
Employment activities	1.0 × 10⁻⁶	1.1%
Manufacture of rubber and plastic products	8.2 × 10⁻⁷	0.90%
Manufacture of paper and paper products	7.0 × 10⁻⁷	0.76%
Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products	6.5 × 10⁻⁷	0.71%
Accommodation and food service activities	6.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.68%
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment	5.8 × 10⁻⁷	0.64%
Sewerage, waste management, remediation activities	5.8 × 10⁻⁷	0.63%
Manufacture of basic metals	5.6 × 10⁻⁷	0.61%
Wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	5.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.56%
Water transport	5.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.55%
Legal and accounting activities; activities of head offices; management consultancy activities	4.5 × 10⁻⁷	0.49%
Fishing and aquaculture	3.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.43%
Forestry and logging	3.8 × 10⁻⁷	0.42%
Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.	3.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.36%
Postal and courier activities	3.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.36%
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products	3.2 × 10⁻⁷	0.35%
Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers	2.8 × 10⁻⁷	0.30%
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security	2.7 × 10⁻⁷	0.30%
Air transport	2.5 × 10⁻⁷	0.27%
Repair and installation of machinery and equipment	2.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.25%
Human health activities	2.0 × 10⁻⁷	0.21%
Manufacture of electrical equipment	2.0 × 10⁻⁷	0.21%
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	1.9 × 10⁻⁷	0.20%
Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products	1.8 × 10⁻⁷	0.19%
Water collection, treatment and supply	1.7 × 10⁻⁷	0.19%
Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials	1.7 × 10⁻⁷	0.18%
Advertising and market research	1.7 × 10⁻⁷	0.18%
Travel agency, tour operator reservation service and related activities	1.6 × 10⁻⁷	0.18%
Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.16%
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.15%
Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products	1.2 × 10⁻⁷	0.13%
Printing and reproduction of recorded media	1.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.12%
Computer programming, consultancy, and information service activities	1.0 × 10⁻⁷	0.11%
Financial service activities, except insurance and pension funding	9.3 × 10⁻⁸	0.10%
Other professional, scientific and technical activities; veterinary activities	9.1 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Real estate activities	8.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Activities of membership organisations	8.1 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Sports activities and amusement and recreation activities	8.0 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Manufacture of other transport equipment	7.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Repair of computers and personal and household goods	7.0 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Manufacture of furniture; other manufacturing	6.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Creative, arts and entertainment activities; libraries, archives, museums and other cultural activities; gambling and betting activities	5.5 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Education	5.4 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Telecommunications	4.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Residential care activities and social work activities without accommodation	4.1 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Other personal service activities	4.0 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Insurance, reinsurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security	2.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Activities auxiliary to financial services and insurance activities	2.6 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Publishing activities	2.2 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Motion picture, video, television programme production; programming and broadcasting activities	2.2 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Scientific research and development	1.2 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use	1.8 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
Total	9.2 × 10⁻⁵	= the headline figure, 9.2 × 10⁻⁵

6 · The money method: which countries

The figure per €1,000, by the country of the industry where the harm happened.

6 · The money method: which countries
Country	Part of the figure	Share
Not placed	1.8 × 10⁻⁵	20%
Germany	1.1 × 10⁻⁵	11%
Turkiye	1.0 × 10⁻⁵	11%
Spain	9.7 × 10⁻⁶	11%
Argentina	7.7 × 10⁻⁶	8.4%
United States	7.4 × 10⁻⁶	8.1%
France	6.9 × 10⁻⁶	7.6%
Italy	4.4 × 10⁻⁶	4.8%
Canada	2.8 × 10⁻⁶	3.0%
Portugal	1.9 × 10⁻⁶	2.0%
Japan	1.3 × 10⁻⁶	1.5%
Australia	1.3 × 10⁻⁶	1.4%
Poland	1.3 × 10⁻⁶	1.4%
Mexico	1.2 × 10⁻⁶	1.3%
Netherlands	1.1 × 10⁻⁶	1.2%
Switzerland	1.0 × 10⁻⁶	1.1%
Austria	7.0 × 10⁻⁷	0.77%
Belgium	7.0 × 10⁻⁷	0.76%
Czechia	5.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.59%
Denmark	5.1 × 10⁻⁷	0.56%
Brazil	4.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.48%
Hungary	3.8 × 10⁻⁷	0.41%
Finland	3.5 × 10⁻⁷	0.38%
Sweden	2.7 × 10⁻⁷	0.30%
Ireland	2.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.25%
Norway	1.8 × 10⁻⁷	0.20%
Slovenia	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.15%
Luxembourg	1.4 × 10⁻⁷	0.15%
Croatia	1.3 × 10⁻⁷	0.14%
Lithuania	9.2 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Slovak Republic	8.2 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Estonia	7.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Greece	7.6 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Romania	7.1 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Latvia	4.0 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Bulgaria	3.6 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
India	3.6 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Russian Federation	2.4 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Cyprus	1.9 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Malta	1.0 × 10⁻⁸	<0.1%
Indonesia	7.3 × 10⁻⁹	<0.1%
South Africa	3.5 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Saudi Arabia	2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
United Kingdom	1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
China	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰	<0.1%
Korea, Rep.	2.5 × 10⁻¹¹	<0.1%
Serbia	7.5 × 10⁻¹⁴	<0.1%
Total	9.2 × 10⁻⁵	= the headline figure, 9.2 × 10⁻⁵

What this trail does not show

Each table is a separate way of dividing the figure. “Cobalt accounts for 40%” and “one country accounts for 60%” are two views of one figure, not a path through it: the calculation stores the figure divided each way on its own, not every combination of them.
A range belongs to the whole figure. A step’s number is only its middle estimate.
Production phase only. Harm from using the product — driving the car, charging the phone — is not in this figure.

Sources behind this figure

CEPII, BACI — Gaulier, G. and Zignago, S. (2010), BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level, CEPII Working Paper 2010-23. CEPII did not endorse these derived figures — HS92_V202601-20260130, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.cepii.fr/DATA_DOWNLOAD/baci/data/BACI_HS92_V202601.zip. Licensed under Open Licence 2.0 (Licence Ouverte, Etalab) (https://www.etalab.gouv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/open-licence.pdf).
Eurostat, Euro/ECU exchange rates - annual data (ert_bil_eur_a) — ert_bil_eur_a-USD-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/ert_bil_eur_a/A.AVG.NAC.USD?format=SDMX-CSV&startPeriod=1995. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-fatal-20260910, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_02?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_02?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-non_fatal-20260910, retrieved 2026-09-10 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_01?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, European Commission — esaw-non_fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/hsw_n2_01?format=SDMX-CSV. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii1-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii1?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii2-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii2?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii3-20260718, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii3?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Eurostat, FIGARO inter-country input-output tables — ii4-20260720, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/naio_10_fcp_ii4?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=true. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. AQUASTAT, FAO's Global Information System on Water and Agriculture: municipal water withdrawal. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — ds-20260713, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://api.data.apps.fao.org/api/v2/bigquery. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — fo-20260109, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Forestry_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — qcl-20251231, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Production_Crops_Livestock_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rfb-20260730, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_FertilizersProduct_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. Licence: CC-BY-4.0. FAO endorsement of these derived figures is neither stated nor implied — rl-20261002, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://bulks-faostat.fao.org/production/Inputs_LandUse_E_All_Data_(Normalized).zip. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) — arms-register-1950-2025, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://atbackend.sipri.org/api/p/trades/trade-register-csv/. Used under SIPRI terms and conditions — fair-use policy; see https://www.sipri.org/about/terms-and-conditions.
Information from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) — milex-1949-2025-v1.2, retrieved 2026-09-29 from https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/SIPRI-Milex-data-1949-2025_v1.2.xlsx. Used under SIPRI terms and conditions — fair-use policy; see https://www.sipri.org/about/terms-and-conditions.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — emp-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_ECO_NB,1.0/.A..SEX_T.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — emp-20261007, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_EMP_TEMP_SEX_ECO_NB,1.0/.A..SEX_T.. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_FATL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT. The ILO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures; responsibility for them rests solely with Quiescence — non_fatal-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://sdmx.ilo.org/rest/data/ILO,DF_INJ_NFTL_ECO_NB,1.0/all. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Data modified by HumanToll.
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World Health Organization, Global Health Estimates. WHO did not prepare, review or endorse these derived figures — wsh_10-20261006, retrieved 2026-10-06 from https://ghoapi.azureedge.net/api/WSH_10. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/). Data modified by HumanToll.

HumanToll 2026, run 2259, methodology v1.0. https://quiescence.eu/humantoll/explain/butter/

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